The British Empire East India Company Trade History Essay

The British Empire East India Company Trade History Essay This is a story of trade and exploration of ambition and foresight, silk and spice, tea and cricket, timber and gunpowder, cities and ports. It is the story of how a band of traders created a company that far exceeded the sum of their ambitions, uniting distant markets, bringing people together, building and sustaining an empire. It all starts in 1600. The concept of corporations was first established under ancient Roman law (source:  University of Virginia). It all began on 31st December 1600, when Queen Elizabeth I  granted a charter to the British East India Corporation, naming the corporation The Governor and Company of Merchants of  London, trading with the East Indies. Ships belonging to The Company dock at Surat and in the next two years establishes its first factory as trading posts were called, in the town of Machilipatnam of the Coromandel Coast f The Bay of Bengal. Landing in India gave the company access to spices not controlled by Dutch traders. Sir Thomas Roe was instructed by James 1 to arrange a commercial treaty with Emperor Nurudin Salim Jahangir. This gave The Company exclusive right to reside and build factories around Surat in exchange for rare commodities from Europe. This provided a secure base for operations to wage trade wars with Portuguese and Dutch governments and merchants. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Calcutta (now Kolkata). Fort St George in Madras (now Chennai) and Bombay (now Mumbai) castle, which developed into the great Indian Cities of today. In 1667 London weavers attack on East India House, weavers, dyers and linen drapers in England protest that imports of Indian cloth are threatening their own industries. Initially, The Company responds by re-exporting Asian textiles to other countries in Europe. But market forces soon overshadow the cries of protesters, and Asian textiles continue to be hugely popular in England throughout the 18th century. The French and British East India Companies and their respective Indian allies were at war with each other. The East India Company led by Robert Clive defeat the Feench ally, Siraj Ud Daulah, at the battle of Plassey ending the rule of the last independent Nawab of Bengal. This is judged to be one of the pivotal events leading to the formation of the British Empire in South Asia. The resulting central administration and governance starts a process that leads eventually to the formation of unfiled India. In 1784 The East India Company had grown into a powerful political and trading organisation, rivalling that of the British Government, in effect ruling many of The British Empires territories. In political matters The East India Company was subordinated to the British government directly. The process was slow and required subsequent parliamentary acts to allow The British Government to fully separate the Companys political control from its commercial activities. In 1813 The Charter Act asserted the sovereignty of the British Crown over the Indian territories held by The Company. It renewed the Charter of The Company for a future twenty years but ended its Indian trade monopoly except for trade in tea. At this point The East India Company was forced to open India to missionaries, who had previously been banned. In 1848 Robert Fortune, a botanist was hired by The Company to obtain the finest tea plants from China to establish plantations in India. He disguised himself as Chinese from a distant province, hired an interpreter, a precaution as the Chinese were extremely protective of their virtual monopoly on tea production. His efforts resulted in the shipment of 20,000 plants to the Himalayas, establishing Darjeeling as one of the finest tea producing regions in the world, and India as the dominant world tea producer it is today. By the time of The Acts passing, The Company had been effectively dissolved anyway, as The Crown assumed all governmental responsibilities held by The Company by The Act for the Better Government of India. The Companys military force was incorporated into the British Army, leaving it with only a shadow of the power it had wielded years earlier. Queen Victoria was the ruling monarch at the time, and thanks to her new authority over India, became the first monarch to use the title Empress of India. It accomplished a work such as in the whole history of the human race no other company ever attempted and such is likely to attempt in the years to come.

Financial Performance Analysis

ABSTRACT Financial Performance: A subjective measure of how well a firm can use assets from its primary mode of business and generate revenues. This term is also used as a general measure of a firm's overall financial health over a given period of time, and can be used to compare similar firms across the same industry or to compare  industries or sectors in aggregation. Methods of Financial perfomance Analysis: Ratio Analysis: This is the method in which the ratio between two or more variables related to the business is compared. There are many ratios used to analyze financial statements: Liquidity Analysis Ratio: For example, the net working capital ratio is calculated between net working capital and total assets. †¢ Profitability Analysis Ratio: For example, return on assets ratio is calculated between net income and average total assets. Profit margin ratio is calculated between net income and sales. Earning per share is calculated between net income and number of outstandi ng shares. †¢ Activity Analysis Ratio: For example, asset turnover ratio is calculated between sales and average total assets. Inventory turnover ratio is calculated between cost of goods sold and average inventories. Capital Structure Analysis Ratio: The most important ratio is debt to equity ratio, which is calculated between total liabilities and total stockholder's equity. †¢ Capital Market Analysis Ratio: For example, dividend ratio is calculated between annual dividends per common share and market price of common stock per share. All these ratios are collectively used to carry out the financial analysis of business to assess growth, profitability, and solvency of a business. Remember that ratio analysis is as important as horizontal and vertical analysis and must not be overlooked.

What Does Zno Nanoparticles Exhibit High Toxicity Against...

ZnO is an inorganic metal oxide with Wurtzite structure. ZnO nanoparticles have been extensively studied in the field of catalysis, paints, cosmetics, solar cells, gas sensors and food packaging materials [1-6]. It is due to their ease of preparation in different morphologies, low cost, UV shielding properties, large surface to volume ratio, chemically alterable physical properties. The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on sex hormones and cholesterol in rat has also been reported [7]. Literature shows that ZnO nanoparticles exhibit high toxicity against bacteria but minimum effect on human cells [8-9]. Clostridium perfringens is a bacterium that is usually responsible for food poisoning. Because the toxin-encoding genes can be located on extra chromosomal elements or in variable regions of the chromosome, several pathovars have arisen, each of which is involved in a specific disease [10]. It has been estimated by the Centers for Diseases Control and the Food and Drug Administration of the United States of America that around 30 million people every year fall sick due to the infections caused by eating food which is contaminated [11,12]. Studies have shown that Salmonella enterica is one amongst the more prevalent bacterial pathogens that causes food borne infections [11]. It is estimated that the medical and productivity losses caused by this bacterium were of high order. [11]. The interaction between NPs and microorganisms and biomolecules is an expanding area of

Google Analytics Analysis On Web Traffic - 942 Words

There are a number of tools within Google Analytics that small businesses can leverage to increase and target sales in a specific region. When beginning the analytics process, companies of all types should first be concerned with the sources of their web traffic. Website traffic can come from website referrals, social media, or perhaps paid or organic search engine results. Acquisition Reporting, part of the Google Analytics tools package can identify the main sources of traffic. Acquisition Reporting has the ability to separate the type of device traffic is coming from, whether it be a mobile device or computer. If the majority of traffic is coming from a mobile device, a company should look into improving the mobile functionality of their site. As a general rule, companies should focus their attention or marketing on the areas that show the most traffic. A small business has less resources, so it becomes even more important to identify the main sources of traffic. Companies must fi rst understand their sources of traffic and where to focus their attention before making any attempts at increasing traffic. Utilizing Acquisition Reporting only scratches the surface of the capabilities in Google Analytics. Just by performing this type of action, companies are more likely to increase their conversion rates. Google Analytics can provide a summary of the type of actions visitors are taking when they arrive at the website. Utilizing the Site Usage tools, a company can look at theShow MoreRelatedInformation Gateway For Web Analytics1588 Words   |  7 Pagesthat tracking and analyzing website data is crucial to making sound business decisions, hence the growing favor for Web Analytics. Mysheo.com is a website providing courses and tips for students who are preparing for the IELTS test. 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